Associations between Problematic Smartphone Use, Unhealthy Behaviors, and Mental Health Status in Korean Adolescents: Based on Data from the 13th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey (2017)

Objective@#We aimed to assess the associations between problematic smartphone use, unhealthy behaviors, and mental health status among adolescents. @*Methods@#The data for this cross-sectional study were obtained from the 13th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey (2017). From among the 62,276 adolescents who participated in this nationwide web-based survey, 54,603 (87.7%) who used smartphones were selected as the study population. Unhealthy behaviors included smoking, drinking, physical inactivity, skipping breakfast, and fast food consumption. For the examination of mental health status, we considered sleep disturbances, stress, depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts. The associations between problematic smartphone use, unhealthy behaviors, and mental health were analyzed using multiple logistic regression analyses. @*Results@#More than four hours of use on weekdays (31.3%) and weekends (61.3%) and the use of smartphones for communication (46.9%) were associated with unhealthy behaviors and mental health problems. Furthermore, adolescents who experienced conflicts with family (22.3%) and friends (25.8%) and academic problems (3.4%) were likely to have health problems. @*Conclusion@#The results suggest that problematic smartphone use may disrupt adolescents’ health. Therefore, there is a need for prevention programs for problematic smartphone use at home and at school to improve adolescents’ health.

Associations between Problematic Smartphone Use, Unhealthy Behaviors, and Mental Health Status in Korean Adolescents: Based on Data from the 13th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey (2017)

Objective@#We aimed to assess the associations between problematic smartphone use, unhealthy behaviors, and mental health status among adolescents. @*Methods@#The data for this cross-sectional study were obtained from the 13th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey (2017). From among the 62,276 adolescents who participated in this nationwide web-based survey, 54,603 (87.7%) who used smartphones were selected as the study population. Unhealthy behaviors included smoking, drinking, physical inactivity, skipping breakfast, and fast food consumption. For the examination of mental health status, we considered sleep disturbances, stress, depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts. The associations between problematic smartphone use, unhealthy behaviors, and mental health were analyzed using multiple logistic regression analyses. @*Results@#More than four hours of use on weekdays (31.3%) and weekends (61.3%) and the use of smartphones for communication (46.9%) were associated with unhealthy behaviors and mental health problems. Furthermore, adolescents who experienced conflicts with family (22.3%) and friends (25.8%) and academic problems (3.4%) were likely to have health problems. @*Conclusion@#The results suggest that problematic smartphone use may disrupt adolescents’ health. Therefore, there is a need for prevention programs for problematic smartphone use at home and at school to improve adolescents’ health.

Factors Influencing Preventive Behavior against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) among Medically Inclined College Students / 기본간호학회지

Purpose@#Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), an emerging infectious disease introduced in South Korea in 2020. Medically inclined college students are more susceptible to be infected by the virus. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors influencing preventive behavior against COVID-19 among medically inclined college students. @*Methods@#This is a cross-sectional study using a questionnaire survey. Data were collected from 400 medically inclined college students from four colleges of medice. Independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis were conducted to analysis the data. @*Results@#The study subjects had high knowledge and optimism related to COVID-19. Preventive behavior against COVID-19 was affected mostly by attitude (β=.32, p<.001). Such behavior was also high in relation to knowledge (β=.17, p<.001), and nursing students (β=.15, p=.002). @*Conclusion@#Infection prevention education for medically inclined college students mainly focuses on knowledge transfer. Infection preventive education programs aimed at improving COVID-19 optimistic attitudes and knowledge are helpful for these students to maintain appropriate preventive practices. The confirmation of the importance of optimistic attitudes and risk perception toward infectious diseases through this study can provide insight into infection prevention education programs to improve practice to wards new epidemic prevention behaviors.

The Associations between Social Relations, Activities of Daily Living, Cognitive Functions and Depressive Symptoms among the Korean Elderly: 2014 Korean National Survey on Older Adults

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the association between social relations, activities of daily living, cognitive functions and depressive symptoms among the Korean elderly. METHODS: Study subjects were 10,260 elderly participated in 2014 Korean National Survey on Older Adults. General characteristics, social relations, activities of daily living, cognitive functions and depressive symptoms were collected by face-to-face interview. Descriptive analyses, chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed using SAS 9.4 statistical program. RESULTS: Total 33.0% of elderly had depressive symptoms. The odds ratios (OR) for depressive symptoms were significantly higher in elderly without housemate [OR=1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.11-1.53], without contact of living children (OR=1.76, 95% CI=1.03-2.99), lower social activity (OR=2.00, 95% CI=1.71-2.35) and without contact of friends (OR=1.47, 95% CI=1.30-1.67). And impaired activity of daily living (ADL) (ADL : OR=1.61, 95% CI=1.18-2.20, instrumental activities of daily living : OR=1.68, 95% CI=1.36-2.06) and cognitive impairment (OR=1.21, 95% CI=1.07-1.38) were also associated the risk of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION: Social support for elderly who lack social relationships and services to improve the daily life of elderly with impaired activities are helpful to decrease depressive symptoms. And it is necessary to investigate and manage the depressive symptoms of elderly with impaired cognitive function.

Impact of Job-related Characteristics and Post-traumatic Stress on Job Satisfaction Among 119 Rescue Crews

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the current status of post-traumatic stress (PTS), job satisfaction, and associated factors with job satisfaction among 119 rescue crews. METHODS: The study subjects were 507 rescue crews who worked in G Metropolitan City and J province. General characteristics, job-related characteristics, PTS, and job satisfaction were collected by self-reported questionnaires via official e-mail. Job satisfaction by subjects' characteristics was tested using t-test, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS: Of 507 rescue crews, the overall PTS scores and job satisfaction score were 13.58+/-12.99 and 85.19+/-13.37, respectively. In multiple linear regression analyses, job satisfaction scores were significantly lower in subjects with fair (beta=-3.53, 95% CI=-5.89~-1.17) or poor (beta=-7.69, 95% CI=-11.67~-3.71) self-rated health and with longer duration of career (beta=-3.53, 95% CI=-6.62~-0.44). Regarding rescue field related characteristics, witness injury of co-workers (beta=-3.02, 95% CI=-5.61~-0.44), obvious dead treatment (beta=-3.60, 95% CI=-6.37~-0.83), and PTS (beta=-4.21, 95% CI=-7.56~-0.88) showed association with lower job satisfaction. CONCLUSION: Job satisfaction showed association with general characteristics, field related factors, and PTS. Risk reduction of rescue field and management of PTS will help to increase the job satisfaction of 119 rescue crews.

Effects of Rhythmic Exercise Program on the Perceived Health Status, Depression, Life Satisfaction and Physical Strength in Elderly / 재활간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of rhythmic exercise program on perceived health status, depression, life satisfaction and physical strength in elderly. METHOD: A convenience sample of 20 elderly, participated in the study from a community health center located in an urban city, South Korea. SPSS/WIN 17.0 was used for descriptive analysis, paired t-test and Pearson correlation. RESULTS: After 8 weeks exercise program, perceived health status (t=0.48, p<.001), depression (t=-0.93, p=.001), life satisfaction (t=1.01, p=.002 and physical strength (t=1.70, 0.70, 0.72, all p<.001) in elderly were significantly improved. Three were significant correlations between depression and perceived health status (r=-.63, p=.004) and life satisfaction (r=-.70, p=.001). CONCLUSION: Further are warranted to validate the effects of a rhythmic exercise program for the elderly in a larger sample.

Simulation Module Development and Team Competency Evaluation / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was done to provide fundamental data to develop a simulation application working practice module and to develop a strategy that would improve team efficacy of students, as well as interpersonal understanding, and proactivity in problem solving after using the team based learning simulation. METHODS: The participants were students in fourth year in C University and they participated in the simulation learning for 8 weeks from October to December 2010. The variables of team efficacy, interpersonal understanding, and proactivity in problem solving were measured and data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 17.0 program. RESULTS: After applying the team based simulation learning, students' team efficacy, interpersonal understanding, and proactivity in problem solving improved significantly. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the simulation module in this study gave the students experience in providing available and safe nursing care under conditions similar to reality and also underlined the importance of team competency for student nurses in caring for patients.

Cohabitation, Loneliness, and Family Function among University Students / 성인간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the state of unmarried cohabitation and to compare the differences of loneliness and family function among university students with cohabitation experience and those with no experience in Korea. METHODS: A convenience sample of 213 university students was recruited from three universities located in G city and the Chonnam area of Korea. Data collection methods included: (a) a demographic questionnaire, (b) a questionnaire related to cohabitation, (c) UCLA scale: 20 items on a 4-point scale (c) Family APGAR questionnaire: 5 items on a 3-point scale. SPSS/WIN 17.0 was used for descriptive analysis, chi2 test, t-test, and Pearson correlation. RESULTS: In this study, 21.1% of the subjects had experiences of unmarried cohabitation. The cohabitation experience was related to gender, age, and monthly income. There was significant differences in family function between the two groups. Loneliness scores were significantly correlated with family function scores in the non-cohabitation group. CONCLUSION: To improve sex life of the university students, healthcare providers including school nurses may consider family function.

Controlled Hypotension for Cerebral Aneurysm Surgery in Pregnancy / 대한마취과학회지

A pregnant patient at 32 weeks gestation presented for cerebral aneurysm surgery. Int-ravenous lidocane, pancuronium was administrated with 4% lidocane spray to facilitate tracheal intubation. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental and maintained with oxygen-nitrous oxide-enflurane. Thalamonal was also used to reduce blood pressure after tracheal intubation. Monitoring included an arterial catheter for measuring blood pressure and arterial blood gas tension, an electrocardiogram, an esophageal temperature probe, end-tidal carbon-dioxide monitor and a Dopp1er ultrasound fetal heart monitor. Induced bypotension guided by fetal heat rate with high-dose enflurane and hyperventi-lation was employed to facilitate aneurysm coating. During coating of the aneurysm, mean arterial blood pressure was reduced to 67 mmHg and maintained for 10 minutes. Throughout the anesthesia, the fetal heart rate remained between 110 and 144 beats/min. Following completion of anesthesia, the patient emerged from anesthesia and about 5 hours postoperatively premature labor could be seen with an external tocodynamometer, that was relieved by intramuscular injection of pethidine, 50 mg, Postoperatively the patient was discharged from hospital with a rapid and uneventful recovery at fifteenth day of operation. The mother was readmitted for elective cesarean section at 38 weeks of pregnancy and spinal anesthesia was performed. A healthy 2.9kg infant was delivered and they were uneventfully discharged. We report successful management of anesthesia in a pregnant patient undergoing aneurysm surgery during enflorane-induced hypotension with appropriate maternal and fetal monitoring.

Clinical Evaluation of Vecuronium in Divided Doses for Endotracheal Intubation / 대한마취과학회지

In the clinical situations which the use of SCC for endotracheal incubation is contraindi-cated, we have currently tried to find semi ideal substitutes for SCC. One of these, neuromuscular blockade will occur sooner if the intubating dose of a non-depolarizing drug is proceded by a small, subparalyzing initial dose. Our previous studs for the divided doses of pancuronium was concluded to be a substi- tute for SCC. However, the slow onset and long duration of pancuronium were net suita-ble in some clinical applications. This study was undertaken to eatimate a newer shorter acting relaxant, vecuronium, in divided doses to apply for rapid sequence endotracheal intubation. The subparalyzing dose, 0.01 mg/kg, of vencuronium 4 min. prior to its intubating dose, 0.1 mg/kg, for all patients was administered under the monitoring of TOF response with Relaxograph. The intubating dose of vecuronium followed immediately the induction agent, thiopental sodium (5 mg/kg) . Orotracheal intubation was done 90 sec after the intubating dose. Intubation conditions and TOF responses were evaluated. The results are as follows : 1 ) After the priming dose, twenty-six patients complained of minor aide effects. 2) There was no difficultly in intubation. Forty-mix patients(94%) were distributed in 1 and 2 grade of intubation condition. 3) In the grade 1, female patients were more distrihuted than male patients(p<0.05). 4) The responses of TOF at the intubation were 44.54+/-38,92%. There were wide indivi-dual variances. 5) The internal between the intubating dose and the disappeared twitch response was 3.72+/-2.73 min. The first twitch reappeared 26.04+/-10.86 min. after the intubating dose. In conclusion, we recommend that the divited doses of vecuronium(the priming and int-ubating doses, 0.01 mg/kg and 7.1 mg/kg, respectively) for the rapid sequence endotracheal intubation may be applied adequately in some clinical situations.